Did you know?
In 1900, the average life expectancy in the world was 31 years.
In 2023, the global average life expectancy is 72.6 years. (Japan 84.95 years old. Male: 81.91 years old; Female: 87.97 years old)
Advances in science and hygiene have changed this figure.
Imagine that!
How long will people live in good health in 50 or 100 years?
The evolution of science continues.
Telomeres are the parts at the ends of chromosomes that store DNA. Each time a cell divides, these telomeres become shorter. Thanks to the presence of these telomeres, the ends of chromosomes do not get worn out. When telomeres are lost, cells can no longer divide, age and die. It has been reported that stress and oxidative stress reduce NAD+ and telomerase activity, shortening telomere length. Since the early days of research on DNA replication mechanisms, the issue has been how to avoid the problem of genes being shortened each time cells divide (the "terminal replication problem"). This problem was solved with the discovery of telomeres and telomerase, for which Blackburn and his colleagues were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2009).
NAD＋ NAD+ is a coenzyme necessary to create energy within cells, and increasing NAD+ leads to increased activity of telomerase and sirtuin, which may contribute to maintaining longer telomere length. When NAD+ production decreases due to aging or stress, cell nucleus damage and mitochondrial activity decrease. These cause aging and disease. Telomerase is an enzyme that replenishes telomeres, which shorten each time a cell divides, by lengthening the repeating DNA sequences called telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. Sirtuins are enzymes that regulate gene expression and metabolism by removing acetyl groups from histones and other proteins in a NAD+-dependent manner. Among sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been reported to affect telomere length and telomerase activity.
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a type of vitamin (B3) that can be absorbed from food or produced naturally in the body. NMN is a precursor that generates NAD+ in the body and protects the cell nucleus by lengthening telomeres.
・NAD+ has a large molecular weight and is difficult to pass through cell membranes, making it difficult to deliver to each tissue in the body.
・NAD+ is an unstable substance and is easily decomposed by water and oxygen, so care must be taken when storing and administering it.
For these reasons, it is thought that ingesting NMN, a precursor of NAD+, is more effective than directly ingesting NAD+. NMN easily crosses the cell membrane and is converted to NAD+ within the cell. By increasing NAD+ with NMN, various effects on anti-aging and health maintenance can be expected.
NMN is a substance that is naturally produced in the body, so it is safe. Also, NMN is a type of vitamin B3, and because it is water-soluble, it does not accumulate in the body even if ingested. However, overconsumption can cause side effects such as indigestion and diarrhea. Same as vitamin C.
When storing NMN, it is recommended to store it in a closed container in a cool, dark place to prevent NMN from deteriorating. This prevents NMN from deteriorating. If NMN powder is stored in air for a long time, it will be hydrolyzed and oxidized by moisture and oxygen. These chemical changes cause NMN molecules to break down or turn into other substances. As a result, the quality and effectiveness of NMN may be reduced.
NMN is a substance that is sensitive to stomach acid and may lose its effectiveness in the stomach. Enteric-coated capsules are designed to dissolve in the intestines without dissolving in the stomach, allowing NMN to be efficiently delivered to the intestines. -NMN can be broken down by the enzyme NMNAT3 before being converted to NAD+ in the intestine. This enzyme is also present in gastric fluid and saliva, which may reduce the rate of absorption of NMN. Enteric-coated capsules can increase the absorption rate of NMN by avoiding the action of this enzyme. Enteric-coated capsules preserve the stability of NMN.・NMN is an unstable substance that is easily decomposed by water and oxygen. Enteric-coated capsules can maintain the stability of NMN by blocking it from water and oxygen.
The recommended daily amount varies depending on the individual, but generally it is recommended to consume between 300mg and 1000mg. Professor David Sinclair of Harvard University has announced that he takes 1000mg of NMN supplements a day. Several studies have revealed the following about the relationship between NMN intake and the amount of NAD+ in the body. Elderly people who took 250 mg of NMN per day more than doubled the amount of NAD+ in their blood. In healthy adults who took 1000 mg of NMN per day, the amount of NAD+ in their blood increased 1.6 times. Healthy adults who took 1000 mg of NMN per day had a 2.5-fold increase in the amount of NAD+ in their urine. From these studies, it is thought that when 1000 mg of NMN is taken per day in enteric-coated capsules, the amount of NAD+ converted into the body will vary from person to person, but it will increase approximately 1.5 to 2.5 times. We can assume that it is possible. By the way, after the age of 50, NAD+ is about half the level of younger people.
NMN is a substance that is sensitive to stomach acid, so it is best to take NMN enteric-coated capsules on an empty stomach. It is said that when taken in the afternoon or before bedtime, it is easier to notice improvements in sleep quality and fatigue. The half-life of NMN in the body is said to be approximately 1 hour. In other words, one hour after taking NMN, the amount of NMN in your body is halved. However, since NMN is converted to NAD+ in the body, NAD+ has a long half-life of about 2 days. Therefore, it is thought that if you take NMN once a day, regardless of morning or night, you can maintain the amount of NAD+. Goo